Mawu Ofunika a Nkhaniyi: Aluminium Sulfate, Ferrous Sulfate, Polyaluminum Chloride (PAC), Polyacrylamide (PAM)
Aluminiyamu sulfate ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino cha inorganic chokhala ndi formula ya mankhwala Al₂(SO₄)₃, kulemera kwa molekyulu ya 342.15, ndi mawonekedwe oyera a kristalo. Monga mankhwala ofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito yokonza madzi, ntchito yake yayikulu ndi kupanga tinthu ta colloidal kudzera mu hydrolysis reactions; tinthu tating'onoting'ono timeneti timayamwa ndi kuwononga zinthu zolimba zomwe zimayimitsidwa, ma colloid, ndi zina zodetsedwa zomwe zili m'madzi, motero zimapangitsa kuti madzi ayeretsedwe. Zochitika zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kukonza madzi akumwa, kukonza madzi otayidwa m'mafakitale, kukonza zinthu zoyezera kukula kwa rosin mumakampani opanga mapepala, ndi kuchotsa utoto wa mafuta.
I. Mfundo Zaukadaulo ndi Ntchito Zazikulu:
Pamene aluminiyamu sulfate isungunuka m'madzi, ma ayoni a aluminiyamu (Al³⁺) amalumikizana ndi mamolekyu amadzi kuti apange ma ayoni a aluminiyamu osungunuka, omwe pambuyo pake amapitilira hydrolysis kuti apange ma colloid a aluminiyamu hydroxide. Pamwamba pa ma colloid awa amakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti athetse mphamvu zoyipa pa tinthu tomwe timayimitsidwa m'madzi. Kuchepetsa kumeneku kumasokoneza kukhazikika kwa tinthuto, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tinthuto tigwirizane kukhala ma flocs akuluakulu (clumps), omwe pamapeto pake amalekanitsidwa kudzera mu sedimentation kapena kusefa. Njira yonseyi imadziwika kuti "coagulation-sedimentation" ndipo ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukonza madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, aluminiyamu sulfate imatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi ma ayoni ena achitsulo cholemera omwe ali m'madzi (monga chitsulo ndi manganese) kuti apange ma precipitates osasungunuka, motero amathandiza kuchotsa zinthu zoipitsa zomwe zasungunuka.
Aojin Chemical imapereka zinthu zosiyanasiyana zotsukira madzi zomwe zimagulitsidwa, kuphatikizapo aluminiyamu sulfate, ferrous sulfate,Polyaluminum chloride (PAC)ndi Polyacrylamide (PAM)Makasitomala akulimbikitsidwa kusankha zinthu malinga ndi zosowa zawo. Tikulandira aliyense amene akufuna zinthu zotsukira madzi kuti alankhule ndi Aojin Chemical!
II. Zochitika ndi Zoganizira Zogwiritsira Ntchito:
Pochiza madzi akumwa, aluminiyamu sulfate nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi zinthu zothandizira coagulant—monga activated carbon kapena polyacrylamide—kuti achotse bwino matope, algae, ndi zinthu zachilengedwe. Pochiza madzi otayidwa m'mafakitale, mlingo wa aluminiyamu sulfate uyenera kusinthidwa kutengera pH ya madzi: pansi pa acidity, hydrolysis ya ma ayoni a aluminiyamu imapitilira bwino; komabe, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala kungayambitse kuchuluka kwa aluminiyamu m'madzi otayidwa omwe amapitirira malire olamulira. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, m'malo okhala ndi alkaline, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera zinthu zosinthira pH (monga laimu) kuti ziwongolere bwino flocculation. Mu makampani opanga mapepala, aluminiyamu sulfate imagwira ntchito ngati chothandizira kukula kwa rosin; imagwira ntchito ndi ma rosin acids kupanga sopo wa aluminiyamu wosasungunuka, motero imawonjezera kukana kwa madzi a pepala. Pankhani yochotsa utoto wa mafuta, mphamvu zokoka za mankhwala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa chingamu ndi asphaltenes kuchokera ku zinthu zamafuta. III. Ubwino Waukadaulo ndi Kugwira Ntchito Mwaluso:
Poyerekeza ndi zinthu zina zothira madzi (monga mchere wachitsulo), aluminium sulfate ili ndi makhalidwe awa: Choyamba, colloidal aluminium hydroxide yomwe imapangidwa panthawi ya hydrolysis imakhala ndi kukula kofanana kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso mphamvu yayikulu ya flocculation, motero imachepetsa mlingo wofunikira wa mankhwala. Chachiwiri, imagwira ntchito pa pH yotakata (5.5–8.5), kuchotsa kufunikira kosintha kwambiri acidity kapena alkalinity ya madzi. Chachitatu, ma ayoni otsala a aluminiyamu amatha kuchotsedwanso kudzera mu njira zochizira zotsatira (monga kusefa mchenga kapena activated carbon adsorption), motero kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuipitsidwa kwachiwiri. Deta yoyesera ikuwonetsa kuti pochiza madzi amtsinje okhala ndi turbidity yambiri, mlingo wa aluminium sulfate wa 30–50 mg/L ukhoza kukwaniritsa kuchuluka kwa turbidity yochotsa kupitirira 90%, kuonetsetsa kuti madzi otayidwa omwe akonzedwa akukwaniritsa miyezo yaukhondo ya madzi akumwa apakhomo.
IV. Malangizo Okhudza Chitetezo ndi Kusunga Zinthu:
Ndikofunikira kupewa kusungira pamodzi ndi maziko olimba kapena zinthu zolimbikitsa okosijeni kuti tipewe kusintha kwa kutentha kwa thupi. Malo osungiramo zinthu ayenera kukhala ouma komanso otetezedwa kutentha kosakwana 50°C kuti zinthuzo zisayamwe chinyezi ndi kubisala. Mukamagwira ntchito, magolovesi oteteza ndi magalasi oteteza ayenera kuvalidwa kuti asapume fumbi kapena kukhudza khungu. Ngati mwangozi mwakhudza maso, tsukani nthawi yomweyo ndi madzi oyera ambiri ndikupita kuchipatala. Mukanyamula, muyenera kusamala kuti muteteze zinthuzo ku chinyezi ndi kuwonongeka kwakuthupi, kuonetsetsa kuti phukusi lake ndi lolimba.
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-25-2026
